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The Infamous Black Bird Southern Oregon History, Revised


Correspondence of the Oregon Superintendency
1887
News articles and Southern Oregon-related correspondence with the Oregon Superintendency for Indian Affairs.
   

Click here for Superintendency correspondence 1844-1900.


THE DEATH OF A NOTED INDIAN CHIEF.
    Died at Siletz Indian Agency, May 5, 1887, old man Joshua, head chief of the Joshua tribe of Indians, age about 90 years.
    Tyee Joshua was one of the noted chiefs that took an active part in the Rogue River war of 1855-6. He and his warriors fought long and terribly for their homes and country, but were finally overpowered and conquered by the white man, and compelled to surrender and submit to his control. Joshua, with his people, were present at a great council, held in a beautiful valley of the Rogue River, which lasted ten days. At this council Joshua advised his people to surrender and go upon the reservation. For two years they had fought with all the power of their wild and savage nature, their signal fires of war had blazed upon almost every mountaintop in all that country; the war whoop and war dance were heard to resound through the valleys and around the grand old mountains of Rogue River, making the scene grand and imposing, and never to be forgotten by those who took part in that memorable war. The Indians knew that when they gave up the struggle they would lose their nationality and everything they held sacred. This seemed to crush their proud spirits, and they have been a sad and despondent race ever since. The few old Indians that still remain on the reservation complain and brood over the wrongs done them by the whites in taking their country from them and compelling them to go on reservations, where the process of civilization has well nigh exterminated the race.
    In his younger days, Chief Joshua was a fine specimen of his race; a fine form, sturdy, supple and strong in war, and the proud possessor of ten wives, all of whom have long since passed to the "happy hunting grounds," and in his old age he was blessed with a young wife, whom he had bought while on the reservation. Old Joshua was quiet, peaceable, industrious, and gave the authorities no trouble during his long stay upon the reservation.
    This makes three noted Indians that have died during the winter, viz: Tyee Joe, old man Shellhead, and Joshua. They have gone to take up their positions as tyees in the happy hunting grounds, where they will not be troubled with the white man and his reservations.--Yaquina Post.
Democratic Times, Jacksonville, June 3, 1887, page 1


    The contract for surveying the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation and allotting it to the Indians has been let by the government to J. D. Fenton, of McMinnville, and H. S. Mahoney, of Sheridan.
"Oregon News," The Eye, Snohomish City, Washington, August 13, 1887, page 2


REFORM IN INDIAN SCHOOLS.
    Mr. Superintendent Riley in his report advises the appointment of a commission to inquire into the whole subject of schools and schooling for the Indians, and to prepare some comprehensive scheme for Indian education. That means the invitation of several needy Democratic gentlemen to spend two or three years in educating themselves on the "Indian question"--just as Mr. Riley has been doing with moderate success. After the necessary delay and expense these gentlemen would devise about as good a system as Mr. Riley ought now to be able to construct. Why doesn't he set himself to work and present the country with such a scheme as he thinks someone else ought to furnish after a while? That would seem to be the business of a superintendent, and if Mr. Riley doesn't feel competent, his place should be filled by someone who is.
    There are many persons in the country well qualified by natural gifts and experience, men who have studied and labored in the cause for years with zeal and intelligence, They may not be found in the Department now, because they have mostly been supplanted by Tennesseans and Mississippians--friends of Mr. Atkins and Secretary Lamar. An Administration which advertised itself as devoted to the principle of civil service reform should have promoted some faithful official who would have known what his duties were and how to perform them when he took the office. There was William T. Leeke for one, whose efficiency as a teacher and rare common sense made his school in Southern Oregon not only a model among those of the Indian country, but an admirable one for spirit and discipline in any country. In Mr. Harrison's "Latest Studies on Indian Reservations" the quality of this school and its teacher is clearly set forth, and the little book has passed through more than one edition, so that a great many people outside of the Indian Bureau as well as within it have been able to judge what can be accomplished in the way of training Indian youth by one who is apt to teach, Mr. Leeke was not selected. Mr. Riley was, and although he might have seen a live Indian at some time in a show, he certainly had no experience to fit him for his place. Mr. Leeke was not only not promoted, but like many another good man, he has lately been superseded. As the head of the Educational Bureau, Mr. Riley should have protested against depriving the cause of the benefit of such rare gifts. Instead of asking for more appointments, Mr. Riley denounced such crippling of his force by substituting untried adventurers for skilled and devoted laborers.
    If Mr. Riley has no power to prevent such outrages and no courage to protect against them, he can render the cause of Indian education but little aid. And yet it may be that Mr. Riley is a most suitable man to be connected with the Indian service as at present constituted and conducted.
New York Tribune, November 17, 1887, page 4





Last revised December 3, 2025